TALIBAN EMERGENCE

 In 1990, Afghanistan was declared to be an Islamic republic and all reference to communicate were removed. Najibullah tried to appease the religious conservative people in the country, so that there could be peace in the country. Najibullah also tried to get foreign aid in the country and to start private investment. But despite doing so much, America continued to supply weapons to Mujahideen. And Mujahideen group doesn't step back even a bit. They continued to boycott the elections. And after doing all that they thought Islam was still in danger. The civil war continued. Even after leaving Afghanistan, Soviet Union tried to help Najibullah by sending foreign aids. But that didn't help because in 1991, Mujahideen won the civil war. Though Mujahideen was an Islamic group but it was made up of various ethnicities. And it had a lot many people who were greedy for power. Hence, within the group of Mujahidden, disputes started talking place for overtaking the power. 

Finally, in 1992 a person came into power who became new leader of Islamic state of Afghanistan and he was Burhanuddin Rabbani. By a few next years, a new enemy had risen. And that was Taliban. 

In 1996, Taliban removed Burranddin Rabban, the Islamic Mujahideen leader from power.

Now the question arise, what is TALIBAN?

In the Pashto language, 'Taliban' means a student. Initially, leader of the Taliban group was Mullah Omar. He formed this group, Taliban group. But with the passage of time, some refugees returned to Afghanistan from Pakistan and became a part of this group. They were even more religious extremist. Taliban believed in the ideology of Pashtan Nationalism in addition to being Islamic. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia supported Taliban. 

It is believed that America created Taliban. Practically it's true as well. When it was being tried to bring democracy in Afghanistan, America ruined it all by supplying weapons to Mujahideen. Under these circumstances, Taliban was created. America also spent millions of dollars in printing textbook in Afghanistan. These books were completely filled with violent and offensive images and these textbooks promoted the extremist ideology. Later these books were used by Taliban. In 1996, Taliban successfully captured Kabul and established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

In beginning, the natives supported Taliban as they could see stability after so many years of fight and also in starting Taliban  brought peace to several parts in Afghanistan. But with the passage of time, the conservative ideology of Taliban came in front of common people. Taliban banned a lot many things in Afghanistan. For example cinema, tv, music, VCR,  football, chess kite flying, most of paintings, photography, embroidery on sleeves, clean shave, foreigners, offices, NGOs, internet, education for girls aged above 10 years. Now it was compulsory for men to have beard. Women had to cover their bodies completely. Women could not leave their homes without being accompanied by a male member. As Taliban believed in Pasthun ideology, so the non Pasthun ethnics became victim of ethnic cleansing. Thousands of Muslims were killed. Christian get prosecuted. Hindus were given batches so that they can be distinguished from Muslims. Buddha statues in Afghanistan were destroyed by Taliban. Najibullah was also murdered. Because of all these happenings Taliban was being criticized by the whole world. But three countries recognised Taliban as legitimate Government and they were Pakistan, Saudi Arab and UAE.  

In 2001, a terrorist group AI Qaeda conducted 9/11 attack in USA. At that time the leader of AI Qaeda was a Saudi terrorist, Osama Bin Laden. Taliban helped to shelter Osama Bin Laden. Osama wrote a letter to America in which he said that 9/11 attack was a revenge for what America did in countries like Somalia, Libya and Afghanistan. And he justified it by saying that America was doing injustice to Muslims, so he took Revenge. Now America wanted to take revenge. Forces were sent to Afghanistan and air strikes were conducted in Afghanistan where it was thought that terrorist groups were hidden. Airstrikes caused harm to civilians as well.

But within the support of Mujahideen's Northern Alliance, by December 2001, Taliban was totally pushed back by the USA. Hamid Karzai was made the president of Afghanistan interim government. In 2004, a new constitution was adopted in Afghanistan. During this time America conducted several airstrikes in Pakistan as well, to finish all the hideouts of Taliban there. In 2011, Osama Bin Laden was killed by US forces. In 2015, it was found that Mullah Omar the first and original leader of Taliban had died in 2013 due to a illness. During this time US sent his Army to keep peace in Afghanistan and check over Taliban. And also to give support to new democratic government in Afghanistan. But Taliban was not completely weped out.